|
|
Influence of avian Plasmodium on their hosts
Dulavová, Kristýna ; Svobodová, Milena (advisor) ; Vinkler, Michal (referee)
Avian malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium are unicellular (and intracellular) protozoans of the group Haemospororida, using a blood-sucking insect (mosquito) as a vector and a bird as a vertebrate host. The effects of this disease, together with avian pox, have greatly influenced endemic populations of Hawaiian birds after introduction of a suitable vector to the islands by a human hand, leading to a drastic extinction of bird species; most of the remaining Hawaiian endemic species are now endangered. Apart from that, avian malaria is distributed nearly all over the world, infecting a variety of different hosts. This thesis is focused on the influence of avian malaria parasites mainly on their avian hosts. The most severe patologies caused by Plasmodium are associated with blood stages causing serious anemia in birds. More pathologies are connected with exoerythrocytic stages in the endothelial cells in various organs and are accompanied with external signs such as lethargy, respiratory distress, weakness, inappetence, sometimes weight loss and so on; different plasmodium species-bird host combinations have different outcomes. An interesting issue is the emerging tolerance against avian malaria in Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens), a species occupying low elevation areas of Hawaiian...
|
|
|
The effect of constant temperature and moisture to house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae
Gajdová, Tereza ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Žůrek, Luděk (referee)
House dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae inhabit house dust worldwide. These commensals are for humans harmful especially as producers of many allergens. According to Klimov-OConnor's hypothesis, these mites had a parasitic ancestor who had evolved into a free-living form during the evolution. This thesis focuses on another possible aspect of this transition: it compares optimal hygrothermal conditions for development, reproduction, and population growth of Dermatophagoides dust mites with those which are preferred by the house dust mite's related - parasitic genera Sarcoptes and Psoroptes. Since all these three genera are closely related, it was analyzed whether their hygrothermal preferences would be similar in any respect. However, the results of this literature review suggest that dust mites - compared to their parasitic relatives - prefer combinations of lower temperatures and humidity. Like the representatives of the convergent group of storage mites - e. g. Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Acarus siro. Apart from the comparison of the preferred conditions of previously mentioned genera, this thesis also presents a summary of the effect of different combinations of temperatures and humidity on the duration of development, fecundity, and the population growth of...
|
|
|
The effect of constant temperature and moisture to house dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae
Gajdová, Tereza ; Hubert, Jan (advisor) ; Žůrek, Luděk (referee)
House dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae inhabit house dust worldwide. These commensals are for humans harmful especially as producers of many allergens. According to Klimov-OConnor's hypothesis, these mites had a parasitic ancestor who had evolved into a free-living form during the evolution. This thesis focuses on another possible aspect of this transition: it compares optimal hygrothermal conditions for development, reproduction, and population growth of Dermatophagoides dust mites with those which are preferred by the house dust mite's related - parasitic genera Sarcoptes and Psoroptes. Since all these three genera are closely related, it was analyzed whether their hygrothermal preferences would be similar in any respect. However, the results of this literature review suggest that dust mites - compared to their parasitic relatives - prefer combinations of lower temperatures and humidity. Like the representatives of the convergent group of storage mites - e. g. Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Acarus siro. Apart from the comparison of the preferred conditions of previously mentioned genera, this thesis also presents a summary of the effect of different combinations of temperatures and humidity on the duration of development, fecundity, and the population growth of...
|
|
|
Sugar solution sucking by females of blood-sucking Nematocera insect
Davídková, Tereza ; Votýpka, Jan (advisor) ; Sádlová, Jovana (referee)
The research of blood-sucking insect is important mainly because of the health aspect. In many cases, they are the carriers of a various disease. A lot of species of the Nematocera suborder feed only of sugary solutions. This food affects their behavior and their way of life. Blood-sucking insect is able to search for food with beneficial sugar content. The composition of this food affects the amount of body reserve, longevity, oviposition of eggs. These effects manifest differently with various organisms. The goal of this thesis is to summarize the knowledge of preferentially picked plants of blood-sucking females of the Nematocera suborder and to describe the affect of food sugar content on the examined insect and the pathogen transmission. Key words: blood-sucking insect, sugar feeding, Phlebotomus papatasi, Anopheles gambiae, fecundity, preferences, influence Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
|
|
|
Statistical analysis of the development of the fecundity and fertility in the Czech Republic and the European Union
Opluštilová, Jolana ; Arltová, Markéta (advisor) ; Langhamrová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of demographic development of fecundity and fertility in the Czech Republic and European Union. The total fertility rate and crude birth rate are the main demographic data this bachelor thesis is based on. The aim of the thesis is to determine the most suitable trend function for the number of all births in Czech Republic from 2003 to 2013. Secondary purpose of this bachelor thesis is to predict the number of all birth up until the year 2015.The results of the survey carried out in this bachelor thesis are hoped to be helpful to the experts dealing with the topic of the demographic development of fecundity and fertility.
|
|
|
The effect of food restriction on longevity in an insect model
BUŘIČOVÁ, Marcela
It is known that the restricted food intake in many species extends lifespan by slowing and/or delaying the aging processes. The underlying biological mechanisms responsible for the lifespan extension are still not known, althought several hypotheses have been proposed. Cost of reproduction, where the lifespan and fecundity are negatively correlated, is of widespread occurrence. In females of the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus no evidence for a trade-off between lifespan and fecundity were observed. Restriction of food intake reduces egg production but has no effect on lifespan.
|
guest ::
